References
- https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/instrument_procedures_handbook/FAA-H-8083-16B_Chapter_6.pdf
- https://developers.navigraph.com/docs/navigation-data/dfd-data-format#procedure-leg-data-fields-minimum-requirements
Terminators
Arc to Fix (AF)
Example
LGAV 03L BIBE1K SID (Cycle 2507, ID 10653)
Minimum Required Fields
WptID: FixIdentifierTurnDir: TurnDirectionNavID: RecommendedNavaidNavBear: Theta (fix radial)NavDist: RHOCourse: MagCourse (boundary radial)
Instructions
- From preceding fix, fly a smooth arc to the fix identified by (
WptID,WptLat,WptLon) or (NavID,NavLat,NavLon,NavDist,NavBear). - Arc radius shall be
NavDist. - Arc center shall be navaid identified by
NavID,NavLat,NavLon. Courseshall be the boundary radial on which the arc begins, measured from the navaid identified by (NavID,NavLat,NavLon,NavDist,NavBear).- Arc and turn shall be flown in direction specified by
TurnDir.
Units
NavBearandCourseare in degrees magnetic.NavDistis in nmi.NavDistis geodesic (great-circle).
Notes
While similar to an RF, the center point is coded differently.
Calculate distance for FMS based on 2 * π * NavDist * abs(NavBear - Course) 360.
Course to Altitude (CA)
Example
LGAV 03L BIBE1L SID (Cycle 2507, ID 10654)
Minimum Required Fields
Course: MagCourseAlt: Alt1+ (at or above)
Instructions
- From preceding fix, fly along
Courseuntil reachingAlt. - If preceding fix was overfly, offset outbound
Courseto end of turn (tangent). - Earliest leg terminations is at point of tangent.
Units
Courseis in degrees magnetic.Altis in ft, but doubles as an FMS constraint.
Notes
The leg terminates upon reaching Alt.
This intercept point then becomes the origin fix of the succeeding leg.
This new origin is an implicit overfly.
Course to DME Distance (CD)
Example
LGAV 21L BIBE2F SID (Cycle 2507, ID 10657)
Minimum Required Fields
NavID: RecommendedNavaidCourse: MagCourseDistance: RouteDISTANCEHoldingTime (DME distance)
Instructions
- From preceding fix, fly along
Courseuntil reachingDistancefrom the navaid identified byNavID. - If preceding fix was overfly, offset outbound
Courseto end of turn (tangent). - Earliest leg terminations is at point of tangent.
Units
Courseis in degrees magnetic.Distanceis in nmi.Distanceis slant not geodesic.
Notes
The leg terminates upon reaching Distance.
This intercept point then becomes the origin fix of the succeeding leg.
Course to Fix (CF)
Example
LGAV 21L BIBE2F SID (Cycle 2507, ID 10657)
Minimum Required Fields
WptID: FixIdentifierNavID: RecommendedNavaidNavBear: ThetaNavDist: RHOCourse: MagCourseDistance: RouteDISTANCEHoldingTime (Path length)
Instructions
- From preceding fix, fly
Courseto the fix identified by (WptID,WptLat,WptLon) or (NavID,NavLat,NavLon,NavDist,NavBear). - If preceding fix was overfly, continue turn until intercept
Course, then continue onCourse.
Units
NavBearandCourseare in degrees magnetic.NavDistandDistanceare in nmi.NavDistandDistanceare geodesic.
Notes
While this might feel like a TF, it isn't. A TF does not specify an exact course to be flown, relying on the computers to figure out the great-circle between the two fixes.
My guess is, that a CF results in the turn from the preceding fix to be shifted so as to ensure the outbound course to the specified fix is equal to the coded course.
Additionally, if a TurnDir is specified, if a large turn is required to fly Course, the turn
shall be TurnDir.
This is a major difference to TF, these never produce such turns.
Course to Intercept (CI)
Example
LGAV 03L BIBE1L SID (Cycle 2507, ID 10654)
Minimum Required Fields
Course: MagCourse
Instructions
- From preceding fix, fly
Courseuntil interception of course of the succeeding leg.
Units
Courseis in degrees magnetic.
Notes
This needs to look into the succeeding leg in order to calculate the intercept point. This intercept point then becomes the origin fix of the succeeding leg. This new origin can never be an overfly due to the intercept nature.
Course to Radial Termination (CR)
Example
LGAV 03L KOR1D SID (Cycle 2507, ID 10679)
Minimum Required Fields
NavID: RecommendedNavaidNavBear: ThetaCourse: MagCourse
Instructions
- From preceding fix, fly
Courseuntil interception ofNavBearradial from the navaid identified by (NavID,NavLat,NavLon).
Units
NavBearandCourseare in degrees magnetic.
Notes
The leg terminates at the intercept point. This intercept point then becomes the origin fix of the succeeding leg.
Direct to Fix (DF)
Example
LGAV 03L KOR1D SID (Cycle 2507, ID 10679)
Minimum Required Fields
WptID: FixIdentifierIsFlyOver: Flyover
Instructions
- From present position, fly direct to fix identified by
WptID. - If preceding fix and fix identified by
WptIdare the same, execute 360° turn (requiresTurnDir).
Units
IsFlyOver: Boolean indicating if fix is a mandatory fly over.
Track from Fix to Altitude (FA)
Example
LGAV 21L BIBE2F SID (Cycle 2507, ID 10657)
Minimum Required Fields
WptID: FixIdentifierNavID: RecommendedNavaidNavBear: ThetaNavDist: RHOCourse: MagCourseAlt: Alt1+ (at or above)
Instructions
- From the fix identified by (
WptID,WptLat,WptLon) or (NavID,NavLat,NavLon,NavDist,NavBear), flyCourseuntil reachingAlt. - If preceding fix was overfly, continue turn until intercept
Course, then continue onCourse. - Earliest leg terminations is at point of intercept.
Units
NavBearandCourseare in degrees magnetic.NavDistis in nmi.NavDistis geodesic.Altis in ft, but doubles as an FMS constraint.
Notes
The leg terminates upon reaching Alt.
This intercept point then becomes the origin fix of the succeeding leg.
This new origin is an implicit overfly.
Track from Fix for Distance (FC)
Example
LIED 34L/R CAR6F SID (Cycle 2507, ID 11798)
Minimum Required Fields
WptID: FixIdentifierIsFlyOver: FlyOverNavID: RecommendedNavaidNavBear: ThetaNavDist: RHOCourse: MagCourseDistance: RouteDISTANCEHoldingTime (Path length)
Instructions
- From the fix identified by (
WptID,WptLat,WptLon) or (NavID,NavLat,NavLon,NavDist,NavBear), flyCourseuntil reachingDistance. - If preceding fix was overfly, continue turn until intercept
Course, then continue onCourse. - Earliest leg terminations is at point of intercept.
Units
NavBearandCourseare in degrees magnetic.NavDistandDistanceare in nmi.NavDistandDistanceare geodesic.IsFlyOver: Boolean indicating if fix is a mandatory fly over.
Notes
The leg terminates upon reaching Distance.
This intercept point then becomes the origin fix of the succeeding leg.
Track from Fix to DME Distance (FD)
Example
LGAV 03R BIBE2T SID (Cycle 2507, ID 10659)
Minimum Required Fields
WptID: FixIdentifierNavID: RecommendedNavaidNavBear: ThetaNavDist: RHOCourse: MagCourseDistance: RouteDISTANCEHoldingTime (DME distance)
Instructions
- From the fix identified by (
WptID,WptLat,WptLon) or (NavID,NavLat,NavLon,NavDist,NavBear), flyCourseuntil reachingDistancefrom navaid identified byNavID. - If preceding fix was overfly, continue turn until intercept
Course, then continue onCourse. - Earliest leg terminations is at point of intercept.
Units
NavBearandCourseare in degrees magnetic.NavDistandDistanceare in nmi.NavDistis geodesic,Distanceis slant.
Notes
The leg terminates upon reaching Distance.
This intercept point then becomes the origin fix of the succeeding leg.
Track from Fix to Manual Termination (FM)
Example
LFPV 27 PB2V SID (Cycle 2507, ID 10395)
Minimum Required Fields
WptID: FixIdentifierNavID: RecommendedNavaidNavBear: ThetaNavDist: RHOCourse: MagCourse
Instructions
- From the fix identified by (
WptID,WptLat,WptLon) or (NavID,NavLat,NavLon,NavDist,NavBear), flyCourseindefinitely.
Units
NavBearandCourseare in degrees magnetic.NavDistis in nmi.NavDistis geodesic.
Holding mandatory (altitude end) (HA)
Example
LOWG GRZ4X SID (Cycle 2507, ID 12765)
Minimum Required Fields
WptID: FixIdentifierTurnDir: TurnDirectionCourse: MagCourseDistance: RouteTIMEDistanceHoldingTimeAlt: Alt1+ (at or above)
Instructions
- At fix identified by (
WptID,WptLat,WptLon), enterTurnDirdirection holding pattern. Courseshall be the inbound course of the holding.Distanceshall be the holding leg distance or timeAltshall be the altitude at which the holding is exited
Units
Courseis in degrees magnetic.Distanceis in nmi or min.Distanceis geodesic if in nmi.Altis in ft, but doubles as an FMS constraint.
Notes
As per the docs, there should be a field indicating whether Distance is distance or time.
I have not found the field or anything that alludes to such.
Conversely, as per the FAA, the altitude should be the exit point of the leg.
This goes against the textual description of the example.
My guess is that the holding is at all times executed at leat once, even if the entry to it is also the exit altitude. As for the missing time/distance decider field, assume it to be distance at all times.
Holding in lieu of Procedure Turn (HF)
Example
FAWB VDM29 APP (Cycle 2507, ID 67794)
Minimum Required Fields
WptID: FixIdentifierTurnDir: TurnDirectionCourse: MagCourseDistance: RouteTIMEDistanceHoldingTime
Instructions
- At fix identified by (
WptID,WptLat,WptLon), enterTurnDirdirection holding pattern. Courseshall be the inbound course of the holding.Distanceshall be the holding leg distance or time- Holding shall be exited after exactly one turn
Units
Courseis in degrees magnetic.Distanceis in nmi or min.Distanceis geodesic if in nmi.
Notes
As per the docs, there should be a field indicating whether Distance is distance or time.
I have not found the field or anything that alludes to such.
My guess is that Distance always is a distance. This would match with the example.
The Leg terminates after the hold is exited ath the hold entry fix.
Holding mandatory (manual end) (HM)
Example
FAWB VDM29 APP (Cycle 2507, ID 67794), Missed approach procedure
Minimum Required Fields
WptID: FixIdentifierTurnDir: TurnDirectionCourse: MagCourseDistance: RouteTIMEDistanceHoldingTime
Instructions
- At fix identified by (
WptID,WptLat,WptLon), enterTurnDirdirection holding pattern. Courseshall be the inbound course of the holding.Distanceshall be the holding leg distance or time- Holding shall be indefinite
Units
Courseis in degrees magnetic.Distanceis in nmi or min.Distanceis geodesic if in nmi.
Notes
As per the docs, there should be a field indicating whether Distance is distance or time.
I have not found the field or anything that alludes to such.
My guess as for the missing time/distance decider field, assume it to be distance at all times.
Initial Fix (IF)
Example
FAWB 29 VDM29 APP (Cycle 2507, ID 67794), Missed approach procedure
Minimum Required Fields
WptID: FixIdentifier
Instructions
- Start of a STAR or APP
Notes
Nothing to be done except parse restrictions. Servers as the entry point of a STAR/APP procedure.
Procedure Turn (PI)
Example
FAUP VDM35 APP (Cycle 2507, ID 67790)
Minimum Required Fields
WptID: FixIdentifierTurnDir: TurnDirectionNavID: RecommendedNavaidNavBear: ThetaNavDist: RHOCourse: MagCourseDistance: RouteTimeDISTANCEHoldingTime (excursion distance from fix)Alt: Alt1
Instructions
- From the fix identified by (
WptID,WptLat,WptLon) or (NavID,NavLat,NavLon,NavDist,NavBear), fly direct to succeeding leg fix. - Turn
TurnDirontoCourse. - Fly for 1 minute.
- Turn 180°.
- Fly until intercepting course of succeeding leg.
Altshall be the altitude during the procedure.
Units
NavBearandCourseare in degrees magnetic.NavDistandDistanceare in nmi.NavDistandDistanceare geodesic.Altis in ft, but doubles as an FMS constraint.
Notes
This needs to look into the succeeding leg in order to fly the first segment and get the course to intercept after the reversal. The database does not specify how long the outbound leg shall be. 1 minute is assumed here (googled it, seemed a common one).
Radius to Fix (RF)
Example
LFRN 10 GODA5R SID (cycle 2507, ID 10485)
Minimum Required Fields
WptID: FixIdentifierTurnDir: TurnDirectionNavBear: Theta (inbound tangential track)Course: MagCourseDistance: RouteTimeDISTANCEHoldingTime (along track distance)CenterID: ArcCenter
Instructions
- From preceding fix, fly a smooth arc to the fix identified by (
WptID,WptLat,WptLon). - Arc center shall be navaid identified by
CenterID,CenterLat,CenterLon. - Arc and turn shall be flown in direction specified by
TurnDir. Distanceshall be the track miles along the curved pathCourseshall be the inbound course of the tangent to the arc at the fix identified by (WptID,WptLat,WptLon).
Units
NavBearandCourseare in degrees magnetic.Distanceis in nmi.Distanceis geodesic (great-circle).
Notes
While similar to an AF, the center point is coded differently. No radius is specified, but can be inferred based on center point, both endpoints and arc length
Example has NavBear set to null, significance of the inbound tangential track is unknown.
Use Distance for calculations in FMS.
Track to Fix (TF)
Example
LFRN 10 GODA5R SID (cycle 2507, ID 10485)
Minimum Required Fields
WptID: FixIdentifierIsFlyOver: Overfly
Instructions
- From the preceding waypoint, fly direct to the waypoint identified by
(
WptID,WptLat,WptLon).
Units
IsFlyOver: Boolean indicating if fix is a mandatory fly over.
Heading to Altitude (VA)
Example
LFRK 10 LGL4X SID (Cycle 2507, ID 10475)
Minimum Required Fields
Course: MagCourse (Heading)Alt: Alt1+ (at or above)
Instructions
- From preceding fix, fly heading specified in
Courseuntil reachingAlt. - No wind corrections shall be applied
Units
Courseis in degrees magnetic.Altis in ft, but doubles as an FMS constraint.
Notes
The leg terminates upon reaching Alt.
This intercept point then becomes the origin fix of the succeeding leg.
This new origin is an implicit overfly.
Heading to DME Distance (VD)
Example
LFRK 31 NEVI4Y SID (Cycle 2507, ID 10482)
Minimum Required Fields
NavID: RecommendedNavaidCourse: MagCourse (Heading)Distance: RouteTimeDISTANCEHoldingTime (DME distance)
Instructions
- From preceding fix, fly heading specified in
Courseuntil reachingDistancefrom the navaid identified by (NavID,NavLat,NavLon). - No wind corrections shall be applied
Units
Courseis in degrees magnetic.Distanceis in nmi.Distanceis slant not geodesic.
Notes
The leg terminates upon reaching Distance.
This intercept point then becomes the origin fix of the succeeding leg.
Heading to Intercept (VI)
Example
LFRK 31 LUSI4Y SID (Cycle 2507, ID 10480)
Minimum Required Fields
Course: MagCourse
Instructions
- From preceding fix, fly heading specified in
Courseuntil interception of course of the succeeding leg. - No wind corrections shall be applied
Units
Courseis in degrees magnetic.
Notes
This needs to look into the succeeding leg in order to calculate the intercept point. This intercept point then becomes the origin fix of the succeeding leg. This new origin can never be an overfly due to the intercept nature.
Heading to Manual Termination (VM)
Example
LFPV 27 PB2P SID (Cycle 2507, ID 10394)
Minimum Required Fields
Course: MagCourse (Heading)
Instructions
- From preceding fix, fly heading specified in
Courseindefinitely - No wind corrections shall be applied
Units
Courseis in degrees magnetic.
Heading to Radial (VR)
Example
LIMC 35R MMP8G SID (Cycle 2507, ID 11909)
Minimum Required Fields
NavID: RecommendedNavaidNavBear: ThetaCourse: MagCourse
Instructions
- From preceding fix, fly heading specified in
Courseuntil interception ofNavBearradial from the navaid identified byNavID.
Units
NavBearandCourseare in degrees magnetic.
Notes
The leg terminates at the intercept point. This intercept point then becomes the origin fix of the succeeding leg.
Other Fields
Vnav: Angle from IAF to MAP. Useful for RNAV.
How to run
git clone https://git.hofmannnet.myhome-server.de/TFDi_MD-11_QA/NavDataExplorer.git.cd md11-nav-data.pnpm install
For dev:
- Copy contents of
tfdidesign-aircraft-md11/Design/Primaryinto ?md11-nav-data/public/NavData cd md11-nav-data.pnpm dev
For prod:
cd md11-nav-data.pnpm build- Verify NavData was copied into
dist